Typical Applications
- Industrial Process Cooling where water may contain some solids (e.g., steel mills, refineries).
- Power Plant Auxiliary Cooling.
- HVAC Systems in regions with less severe freezing conditions.
- Situations where low pump head is a critical design parameter.
Comparison: Single-Flow Cross flow vs. Counter flow
| Parameter | Induced Draft, Single-Flow Cross flow | Induced Draft Counter flow |
| Air/Water Flow Path | Perpendicular (Crossing) | Opposite (Parallel) |
| Water Distribution | Open Gravity Basin | Pressurized Nozzle System |
| Pump Head Required | Lower | Higher |
| Clogging Susceptibility | Lower (larger orifices) | Higher (small nozzles) |
| Plan Area (Footprint) | Larger | More Compact |
| Freeze Protection | More Difficult | Easier (water enclosed in pipes) |
| Fill Accessibility | Excellent from one side | Requires fill removal for access |