Common Types of Nozzles in Field-Erected Towers
| Type | How It Works | Best For |
| Spray Nozzle (Hollow Cone) | Creates a circular, ring-shaped spray pattern. Water is directed through tangential slots or a swirl chamber, creating a centrifugal “hollow cone” effect. | Cross Flow towers (common) and older Counter Flow systems. Good coverage from an overhead pipe grid. |
| Gravity Distribution (Basin & Orifice) | No true “nozzle.” Water flows from a hot water basin (through precisely drilled orifices in the basin floor) or from distribution pipes with open splash plates or troughs. | Large Cross Flow towers. Very low pressure, simple, and highly clog-resistant. |
| Full Cone Spray Nozzle | Produces a solid, filled cone of spray droplets. Internal vane design breaks up the water into a full spray pattern. | Applications requiring dense, even coverage. Less common in large FEP towers. |
| Fluid-Responsive (Non-Clogging) | Utilizes a free-spinning rotor or a flexible orifice that adjusts to flow, providing self-cleaning action and high resistance to clogging. | Harsh water conditions, wastewater, high fouling potential. Premium solution for reliability. |