Fill Types in Cross Flow Cooling Towers
| Feature | Splash Fill | Film Fill | Hybrid Fill |
| Primary Mechanism | Breaks water into droplets | Spreads water into a thin film | Combines splash and film |
| Thermal Efficiency | Lower | Highest | High |
| Fouling/Clogging Resistance | Excellent | Poor | Good |
| Air-Side Pressure Drop | Low | Higher | Moderate |
| Water Quality Suitability | Dirty, High-Solids Water | Clean, Treated Water | Moderate to Clean Water |
| Typical Applications | Heavy Industry, Wastewater | HVAC, Power Generation, Refining | General Industry, Compromise Solutions |