Blog

Working Principle of a Cooling Tower

The cooling tower works on the principle of heat transfer through evaporation (and partly convection).

Step-by-Step Working:

1. Hot Water Enters
   1. Warm water from industrial processes, chillers, or condensers is pumped to the cooling tower.
2. Water Distribution
   1. The hot water is sprayed or distributed over fill material (plastic or wooden structures) inside the tower.
   1. The fill increases the water’s surface area, allowing maximum contact between water and air.
3. Air Circulation
   1. Air is introduced into the tower either naturally (natural draft) or mechanically (using fans).
   1. As air passes over the water, a small portion of the water evaporates.
4. Evaporative Cooling
   1. Evaporation requires energy (latent heat).
   1. This energy is taken from the remaining water in the form of heat, thus lowering the temperature of the water.
5. Heat Rejection
   1. The warm, moist air rises and leaves the tower at the top.
   1. The cooled water collects at the bottom (basin) of the tower.
6. Recirculation
   1. The cooled water is pumped back to the plant, HVAC system, or condenser to absorb heat again.