| The most common type of heat exchanger in industrial applications is shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The exchangers exhibit more than 65% of the market share with a variety of design experiences of about 100 years. Shell-and tube heat exchangers provide typically the surface area density ranging from 50 to 500 m2/m3 and are easily cleaned. The design codes and standards are available in the TEMA (1999)-Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association |
