Working principle of Forced Draft V-Flow Closed Circuit Cooling Tower
1. Process Circuit (Closed Loop):
- Hot process fluid (e.g., 95°F / 35°C) enters the coil at the top.
- It travels through the serpentine coil, losing heat to the cooler spray water and air on the outside of the tubes.
- Cooled fluid (e.g., 85°F / 29°C) exits the coil at the bottom and returns to the process equipment.
2. Spray Water / Evaporative Circuit (Open Loop):
- A sump at the bottom of the tower holds cold spray water.
- A pump circulates this water to the spray nozzles at the top of the tower.
- The water is sprayed vertically downward over the outside of the coil.
- A small portion of this spray water evaporates (taking the latent heat of vaporization from the coil), providing the primary cooling effect.
- The cooled spray water falls back into the sump to be recirculated. Make-up water automatically replaces the water lost to evaporation and purge (bleed-off).
3. Air Circuit (Forced Draft):
- A centrifugal or axial blower fan, mounted on the side at the air inlet, forces ambient air into the tower.
- This air flows horizontally across the coil and the falling spray water.
- The warm, moist air is then discharged vertically out the top of the tower.