A Closed-Circuit Cooling Tower (CCT) consists of several key components that work together to provide efficient cooling while keeping the process fluid isolated from the external environment. Here’s a breakdown of the main parts:
1. Heat Exchanger Coil (Primary Cooling Coil)
Function: Contains the process fluid (water/glycol) that needs cooling.
Design: Typically made of copper, stainless steel, or coated carbon steel for corrosion resistance.
Placement: Located inside the tower, exposed to evaporative cooling but sealed from external air/water.
2. Spray System (Evaporative Cooling Section)
Spray Nozzles: Distribute water evenly over the coil to enhance heat transfer via evaporation.
Spray Pump: Circulates water from the basin to the nozzles.
Purpose: Cools the external surface of the coil without mixing with the process fluid.
3. Fan & Airflow System
Fan Type: Axial or centrifugal fans draw air across the coil and spray water.
Motor: Often variable-speed for energy efficiency.
Function: Accelerates evaporative cooling by increasing airflow.
4. Water Basin (Sump)
Collects spray water for recirculation.
Includes strainers/filters to prevent clogging of nozzles.
May have heaters (in cold climates) to prevent freezing.
5. Drift Eliminators
Prevents water droplets (drift) from escaping with the exhaust air.
Reduces water loss and minimizes environmental impact.
6. Inlet Louvers or Dampers
Controls airflow into the tower.
Protects against debris and optimizes thermal performance.
7. Control System
Automation: Adjusts fan speed, spray flow, and water temperature.
Sensors: Monitor fluid temperature, flow rates, and water levels.
8. Optional Add-Ons
Freeze Protection: Glycol systems or electric heaters for cold climates.
Filtration Systems: For hard water or dusty environments.
Hybrid Dry/Wet Mode: Switches to air-only cooling when ambient temps allow.