Advantages of Forced Draft Slightly lower horsepower since the fan is in cold air. (Horsepower varies directlyas the absolute temperature.) Better accessibility of fans and upper bearings for maintenance. Easily adaptable for warm air recirculation for cold climates. Better accessibility of bundles for replacement. ...
Advantages of Induced Draft of intake, or about 1500 ft/min. Increased capacity in the event of fan failure, since the natural draft stack effect is much greater with induced draft
For a given mass flow rate of air, induced-draft operation in principle entails greater power consumption than forced-draft operation due to the higher volumetric flow rate of the heated air that is handled by the induced-draft fan. In practice, however, this potential disadvantage tends to be offset by the more uniform flow distribution and lower...
The forced-draft configuration provides the simplest and most convenient fan arrangement. With all blower components located below the tube bundle, they are easily accessible for maintenance and are not exposed to the heated air leaving the unit. However, these exchangers are susceptible to hot air recirculation due to the low velocity of the air...
In an air-cooled heat exchanger, the hot process fluid flows through a bank of finned tubes, and ambient air is blown across the tubes by one or more axial-flow fans. For applications involving only sensible heat transfer, the tubes are oriented horizontally For condensers, an A-frame configuration (as shown in Figure) is often used,...
Air cooled heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from a process fluid to ambient air. The process fluid is contained within heat conducting tubes. Atmospheric air, which serves as the coolant, is caused to flow perpendicularly across the tubes in order to remove heat. In a typical air-cooled heat exchanger, the ambient air is […]
An air-cooled exchanger (ACHE) is used to cool fluids with ambient air. Air-cooled heat exchangers are second only to shell-and-tube exchangers in frequency of occurrence in chemical and petroleum processing operations. These units are used to cool and/or condense process streams with ambient air as the cooling medium rather than water. Cooling...
Types of Engine Oil Coolers Engine oil coolers can be generally classified into two types, such as oil-to-water and oil-to-air. Oil-To-Water Cooler In these types of oil coolers, the coolant passes through a heat exchanger element of some parts. The coolant is enabled either by adding heat to cold oil or drawing heat from excessively […]
The oil cooler absorbs heat, which is vital for engine cooling. Oil cooling uses engine oil as a coolant to remove excessive heat from internal combustion engines. Keeping engine components at their normal working temperatures improves performance and extends service life. Function Of an Engine Oil Cooler The oil cooler’s job is to maintain the...
An oil cooler is designed to remove excessive heat from the oil used to lubricate vehicles, machinery and mechanical equipment. For example, a hot engine transfers heat to the oil which then circulates through a heat-exchanger (also known as an oil cooler), using either air or water to cool the oil. It achieves this by using a...
While oil coolers and radiators have similar functions, their key difference lies in the fluids they cool. Radiators manage coolant temperature, whereas oil coolers regulate engine oil temperature. Both systems are important for maintaining engine health, but engine oil coolers provide added protection for high-performance or heavy-duty...
To keep your engine oil cooler functioning as it should, regular maintenance is critical. Here are a few tips to maintain efficiency: Inspect for leaks: Periodically check the oil cooler or its connections for leaks. Clean fins: For air-cooled systems, ensure the cooling fins remain clean and free from debris that could block...
Engine oil coolers aren’t just for racing enthusiasts. They’re potentially useful for any vehicle that experiences high-stress conditions. This includes, but isn’t limited to: Heavy-duty trucks: Trucks designed for industrial or commercial usage face prolonged heavy workloads. Oil coolers help these engines withstand consistent...
Types of Engine Oil Coolers Choosing the best engine oil cooler depends on your vehicle’s needs and operating environment. When deciding between these two kinds of oil coolers, consider the driving conditions, the workload your vehicle endures, and the longevity you hope to get from your engine
An engine oil cooler works as a heat exchanger. It circulates the engine oil through a series of passages or tubes, allowing the heat to dissipate as it does so. There are 2 main types of engine oil coolers: Air-cooled oil coolers: Air-cooled oil coolers rely on ambient air to dissipate heat They use the […]
An oil cooler works by transferring heat away from hot engine or hydraulic oil, using a cooling medium like air or water to lower the oil’s temperature. This process is essential for maintaining optimal operating temperatures and preventing damage to components due to overheating. Heat Transfer: Cooling Medium: A fan blows air over the...
Small oil coolers used in hydraulic systems are compact heat exchangers designed to remove excess heat from hydraulic fluid. They typically consist of a series of metal tubes or plates that provide a large surface area for efficient heat transfer. The hydraulic fluid flows through these tubes or plates, while a cooling medium, such as […]
Hydraulic oil coolers are devices used to regulate the temperature of hydraulic fluid in hydraulic systems. They help maintain optimal operating temperatures by dissipating heat generated during system operation. Hydraulic oil coolers typically consist of a series of tubes or fins that increase the surface area for heat transfer. As the hot...
Straight Tube and Fixed Tube Sheet: Types BEM, AEM, NEN, etc • Less costly than removable bundle designs • Capable of multiple pass designs Limitations: • Shell side can only be cleaned by a chemical solution • No ability to absorb thermal expansion between the outer shell and tube bundle Removable Bundle and Externally Sealed […]
The TEMA Mechanical Standards for Class “C” heat exchangers specify design, fabrication. and materials of unfired shell and tube heat exchangers for the generally moderate requirements of commercial and general process applications. Equipment fabricated in accordance with these standards is designed for the maximum economy and overall...
water-cooled surface condenser generally used in power stations to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine. There are many fabrication design variations possible depending on the manufacturer, the size of the steam turbine, and other site-specific conditions
The heat transfer mechanism in a surface condenser is that the saturated steam condenses on the outside of the tubes and the circulating water inside the tubes gets heated. Thus, for a given circulating water flow rate, the water inlet temperature to the condenser determines the operating pressure of the condenser. As this temperature is […]
There are two primary types of condensers that can be used in a power plant: (a) Direct contact (b) Surface Direct contact condensers condense the turbine exhaust steam by mixing it directly with cooling water. The older type Barometric and Jet type condensers operate on similar principles. Steam surface condensers are the most commonly used...
The basic principle is that the constant vaporization of a portion of the liquid in the reboiler produces a two-phase mixture with an average density lower than the liquid being fed to the reboiler. The heavier column of liquid on the reboiler inlet side then pushes the lighter material out of the reboiler causing circulation. […]
The amount and type of dissolved and/or suspended solids in the stream which may deposit on the tube wall. The susceptibility to thermal decomposition which will form a thermal barrier on the tube walls. The velocity of the fluid. The temperature of the fluid The fouling resistance specified for a particular […]
Typical overall heat transfer coefficients are given below. These “typical” heat transfer coefficients can be used to estimate the performance of a heat exchanger. Typical heat transfer coefficients are normally published as a range of an “all-in” numbers which includes the inside and outside heat transfer coefficients, the...
For heat exchanger sizing purposes, the cooling water inlet temperature is usually taken as the maximum summer temperature. However, the cooling water outlet temperature can be varied. Theoretically there is an optimum cooling water flow rate (and corresponding cooling water outlet temperature) for each exchanger design. Clearly, there is a maximum...
The first step in preparing a heat exchanger design is assembly of the required data. The minimum requirements for basic data are as follows: Process Fluid Design Flow Rates This is normally the maximum flow rate for the process fluid at full flowsheet rates. However, there may be temporary higher rates during start up or […]
The calculations carried out to design heat exchangers are far from exact. In fact Perry’s refers to the design of heat exchangers as being an art as much as a science. These days almost all heat exchanger designs are carried out using software specifically written for the purpose. The most accepted software used for heat […]
Whenever possible place corrosive fluids on the tube side to reduce the exchanger cost. Place the highest-pressure fluid on the tube side to reduce exchanger cost. Place dirty fluids on the tube side as it is much easier to clean the tube side than the shell side. Place viscous fluids on […]
Shell and tube exchangers can be designed for almost any service. All other exchanger types are compared to shell and tube. Hairpin type exchangers are a good choice when one fluid is at a very high pressure. Hairpin exchangers are a good choice when there is a large difference in temperature between […]
Air cooled heat exchangers use ambient air for cooling and condensing. They are typically used in locations where there is a shortage of cooling water. Air-cooled heat exchangers are usually used when the heat exchanger outlet temperature is at least 20°F above the maximum expected ambient air temperature. They can be designed for closer approach...
Spiral tube type heat exchangers are fabricated from coiled tubing. In some cases the tubing is installed inside a fabricated bundle to provide a compact stand alone heat exchanger. These exchangers are used primarily for small services such as pump seal fluid and sample coolers. Advantages
Spiral plate heat exchangers are fabricated from two metal plates that are wound around each other. One process fluid stream enters the exchanger at the centre and flows outwards while the second fluid enters on the outside and flows inward. This creates almost a true counter current flow. Advantages Typical Applications
Advantages Very compact design High heat transfer coefficients (2 – 4 times shell & tube designs) Expandable by adding plates Ease of maintenance Plates manufactured in many alloys All connections are at one end of the exchanger Good temperature approaches Fluid residence time is very short No dead spots Leakage (if it should occur) is...
A plate and frame heat exchanger is a compact heat exchanger where thin corrugated plates are stacked in contact with each other, and the two fluids flow separately along adjacent channels in the corrugation. The closure of the stacked plates may be by clamped gaskets, brazed (usually copper brazed stainless steel), or welded (stainless steel,...
The hairpin heat exchanger design is similar to that of double pipe heat exchangers with multiple tubes inside one shell. The design provides the flexibility of a U-tube design with an extended shell length that improves the exchanger’s ability to achieve close temperature approaches. Advantages Good counter current or co-current flow –...
Double pipe heat exchangers are the simplest of all types. They are fabricated from two pieces of pipe – one inside the other. One fluid flows through the inner pipe while the second fluid flows through the annulus between the pipes Advantages •Inexpensive •True counter current or co-current flow •Easily designed for high pressure service...
Shell and tube heat exchangers are known as the work-horse of the chemical process industry and represent the most widely used vehicle for transfer of heat in industrial applications. In essence, a shell and tube exchanger is a pressure vessel with many tubes inside of it. One process fluids flows through the tubes of the […]
There are several different styles of heat exchanger equipment in common use. These include: Other types of heat transfer equipment not discussed here are: By far the most common is the shell and tube design. However, other styles are often suitable or even preferable in specific applications.
If air-cooling proves sufficient for much of the running time (such as for an aero-engine in flight, or a motorcycle in motion), then oil cooling is an ideal way to cope with those times when extra cooling is needed (such as an aero-engine taxiing before take-off, or a motorcycle in a city traffic jam). But […]
Oil cooling is commonly used to cool high-performance motorcycle engines that are not liquid-cooled. Typically, the cylinder barrel remains air-cooled in the traditional motorcycle fashion, but the cylinder head benefits from additional cooling. As there is already an oil circulation system available for lubrication, this oil is...
Oil cooling is the use of engine oil as a coolant, typically to remove surplus heat from an internal combustion engine. The hot engine transfers heat to the oil which then usually passes through a heat-exchanger, typically a type of radiator known as an oil cooler. The cooled oil flows back into the hot object […]
The Oil Cooler heat exchangers are most suitable for clean water low in lime, for example with a closed cooling circuit. Our PHE, oil-water cooler is provided with painting appropriate for marine applications (CDP + powder painting). Applications are as follows: It is possible to use other media, for example oil, water glycol, water, refrigerants,...
The oil cooler is arranged in the circulating oil circuit of the lubrication system. Full-flow (also known as water-cooled oil cooler) is actually a liquid-liquid heat exchanger. The heat is oil and the coolant is water. Typically, the oil in this heat exchanger enters the tube and the water enters the shell. Oil/water coolers […]
Material of Construction for Lube Oil Coolers is as follows Shell: Carbon Steel, SA106 Gr.B, IS 3589 ERW, SS 304 or SS 316 Tubes: SS 304, SS 316, Admiralty Brass, Copper, CuNi 90/10, CuNi 70/30 Tube sheet: IS 2062 Gr.B, SA 516 Gr.70, Naval Brass, AB-2, SS 304, SS 316 Baffles: Brass, Carbon Steel, SS […]