The process of heat exchange between two fluids that are at different temperatures and separated by a solid wall occurs in many engineering applications. The device used to implement this exchange is called a heat exchanger, and specific applications may be found in space heating and air-conditioning, power production, waste heat recovery and chemical processing. The flow of heat from a fluid through a solid wall to another fluid is often encountered in chemical engineering practice. The heat transferred may be latent heat accompanying phase changes such as condensation or vaporization, or it may be sensible heat coming from increasing or decreasing the temperature of a fluid without phase change. Heat transfer is the movement of energy due to a temperature difference. There are three physical mechanisms of heat transfer; conduction, convection, radiation. All three modes may occur simultaneously in problems of practical importance.
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