Conduction Heat conduction is the transfer of heat from one part of a body to another part of the same body, or from one body to another body in physical contact with it, without appreciable displacement of the particles of the body. Energy transfer by conduction is accomplished in two ways. The first mechanism is that of molecular interaction, in which the greater motion of a molecule at a higher energy level (temperature) imparts energy to adjacent molecules at lower energy levels. This type of transfer is present, to some degree, in all systems in which a temperature gradient exists and in which molecules of a solid, liquid, or gas are present. The second mechanism of conduction heat transfer is by “free” electrons. The free-electron mechanism is significant primarily in pure-metallic solids; the concentration of free electrons varies considerably for alloys and becomes very low for nonmetallic solids. The distinguishing feature of conduction is that it takes place within the boundaries of a body, or across the boundary of a body into another body placed in contact with the first, without an appreciable displacement of the matter comprising the body
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