Cooling Tower Manufacturer in Oman

Working Principle of Natural Draft Cooling Tower

The natural draft cooling tower works on the principle of natural convection (chimney

effect) and evaporative cooling.

Step-by-Step Process:

1. Hot Water Inlet
   1. Warm water from the condenser/plant enters the tower and is sprayed over the fill media at the top.
2. Water Distribution & Contact with Air
   1. The fill spreads water into thin films or droplets, increasing the contact surface area with air.
3. Natural Airflow (Chimney Effect)
   1. Inside the tall hyperbolic tower, hot and moist air becomes lighter (less dense) than the cooler outside air.
   1. This density difference creates an upward natural draft of air (without using fans).
4. Evaporative Cooling
   1. A small portion of the water evaporates.
   1. Evaporation absorbs heat (latent heat of vaporization) from the remaining water, thereby cooling it down.
5. Heat Rejection
   1. The warm, moist air rises naturally and is released into the atmosphere from the top of the tower.
6. Cooled Water Collection
   1. The cooled water falls into the cold water basin at the bottom.
   1. It is then pumped back to the condenser or industrial process for reuse.